前言
swagger,中文“拽”的意思。它是一个功能强大的api框架,它的集成非常简单,不仅提供了在线文档的查阅,
而且还提供了在线文档的测试。另外swagger很容易构建restful风格的api。一、Swagger概述
Swagger是一组围绕OpenAPI规范构建的开源工具,可帮助设计、构建、记录和使用REST API。
简单说下,它的出现就是为了方便进行测试后台的restful形式的接口,实现动态的更新,当我们在后台的接口 修改了后,swagger可以实现自动的更新,而不需要认为的维护这个接口进行测试。二、Swagger常用注解
swagger通过注解表明该接口会生成文档,包括接口名、请求方法、参数、返回信息的等等。
- @Api:修饰整个类,描述Controller的作用
- @ApiOperation:描述一个类的一个方法,或者说一个接口
- @ApiParam:单个参数描述
- @ApiModel:用对象来接收参数
- @ApiProperty:用对象接收参数时,描述对象的一个字段
- @ApiResponse:HTTP响应其中1个描述
- @ApiResponses:HTTP响应整体描述
- @ApiIgnore:使用该注解忽略这个API
- @ApiError :发生错误返回的信息
- @ApiParamImplicitL:一个请求参数
- @ApiParamsImplicit 多个请求参数
三、SpringBoot整合Swagger
3.1 添加依赖
io.springfox springfox-swagger2 2.7.0 io.springfox springfox-swagger-ui 2.7.0
3.2 添加SwaggerConfiguration
通过@Configuration注解,表明它是一个配置类,@EnableSwagger2开启swagger2。
apiINfo()配置一些基本的信息。apis()指定扫描的包会生成文档。 再通过createRestApi函数创建Docket的Bean之后,apiInfo()用来创建该Api的基本信息(这些基本信息会 展现在文档页面中)。select()函数返回一个ApiSelectorBuilder实例用来控制哪些接口暴露给Swagger来 展现,本例采用指定扫描的包路径来定义,Swagger会扫描该包下所有Controller定义的API,并产生文档内容 (除了被@ApiIgnore指定的请求)。package com.lance.learn.springbootswagger.configuration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;/** * @author lance(ZYH) * @function Swagger启动配置类 * @date 2018-07-09 21:24 */@Configuration@EnableSwagger2public class SwaggerConfiguration { /** * swagger2的配置文件,这里可以配置swagger2的一些基本的内容,比如扫描的包等等 * @return */ @Bean public Docket createRestfulApi(){ return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) .pathMapping("/") .select() .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.lance.learn.springbootswagger.controller")) //暴露接口地址的包路径 .paths(PathSelectors.any()) .build(); } /** * 构建 api文档的详细信息函数,注意这里的注解引用的是哪个 * @return */ private ApiInfo apiInfo(){ return new ApiInfoBuilder() //页面标题 .title("Spring Boot 测试使用 Swagger2 构建RESTful API") //创建人 .contact(new Contact("LanveToBigData", "http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangyinhua/", "917484312@qq.com")) //版本号 .version("1.0") //描述 .description("API 描述") .build(); }}
3.3 Controller文档内容
描述主要来源于函数等命名产生,对用户并不友好,我们通常需要自己增加一些说明来丰富文档内容。
如下所示,我们通过@ApiOperation注解来给API增加说明、通过@ApiImplicitParams、@ApiImplicitParam 注解来给参数增加说明。 1)实例一package com.lance.learn.springbootswagger.controller;import com.lance.learn.springbootswagger.bean.Book;import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import springfox.documentation.annotations.ApiIgnore;import java.util.*;/** * @author lance(ZYH) * @function * @date 2018-07-09 21:39 */@RestController@RequestMapping(value = "/bookcurd")public class BookController { Mapbooks = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap ()); @ApiOperation(value="获取图书列表", notes="获取图书列表") @RequestMapping(value={""}, method= RequestMethod.GET) public List getBook() { List book = new ArrayList<>(books.values()); return book; } @ApiOperation(value="创建图书", notes="创建图书") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "book", value = "图书详细实体", required = true, dataType = "Book") @RequestMapping(value="", method=RequestMethod.POST) public String postBook(@RequestBody Book book) { books.put(book.getId(), book); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="获图书细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取详细信息") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "ID", required = true, dataType = "Long",paramType = "path") @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) public Book getBook(@PathVariable Long id) { return books.get(id); } @ApiOperation(value="更新信息", notes="根据url的id来指定更新图书信息") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "图书ID", required = true, dataType = "Long",paramType = "path"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "book", value = "图书实体book", required = true, dataType = "Book") }) @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method= RequestMethod.PUT) public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Book book) { Book book1 = books.get(id); book1.setName(book.getName()); book1.setPrice(book.getPrice()); books.put(id, book1); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="删除图书", notes="根据url的id来指定删除图书") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "图书ID", required = true, dataType = "Long",paramType = "path") @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) { books.remove(id); return "success"; } @ApiIgnore//使用该注解忽略这个API @RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String jsonTest() { return " hi you!"; }}
2)实例二
package com.lance.learn.springbootswagger.controller;import com.lance.learn.springbootswagger.bean.User;import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.*;/** * @author lance(ZYH) * @function * @date 2018-07-09 22:00 */@RestController@RequestMapping(value="/users")public class UserDetailController { static Mapusers = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap ()); @ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="") @RequestMapping(value={""}, method= RequestMethod.GET) public List getUserList() { List r = new ArrayList (users.values()); return r; } @ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataType = "User") @RequestMapping(value="", method=RequestMethod.POST) public String postUser(@RequestBody User user) { users.put(user.getId(), user); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long") @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { return users.get(id); } @ApiOperation(value="更新用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来指定更新对象,并根据传过来的user信息来更新用户详细信息") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataType = "User") }) @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) { User u = new User(); users.put(id, u); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long") @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) { users.remove(id); return "success"; }}
3.4 web界面查看
四、项目代码地址
https://github.com/LanceToBigData/SpringBootLearning/tree/develop/SpringBoot-Swagger